As US banks mop up the mess from billions of dollars of bad loans, buyers are finding the days of cheap money are over and, in many cases, tougher versions of old lending rules now apply. Bad Credit and Home Refinance (The Bradford ... Does the lender make privately or federally insured or guaranteed loans? Some mortgage loans may be backed by a federal agency, such as the Federal Housing Administration (FHA loans) or the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA loans).